Saturday, April 23, 2011

WHY I WILL NAME MY SON "INFLATION WANJALA."

My friends laughed uncontrollably when I told them that I intend to name the child who is soon to replace my acting last born, “Inflation Wanjala.” They wondered why I objected to the many funky European names that they had suggested. Some said that if I insisted on the name, then I will be stark, staring bonkers. To their utter consternation, I stuck to my guns.

You see, “Wanjala is a luhya name meaning “hunger.” The reason why I chose this name is because it collocates with “inflation” and the two effectively capture the historical significance of this period.

When “Inflation Wanjala” comes of age and demands to know why I chose such a name for him, I will tell him that he was born when millions of Kenyans bore the brunt of a voodoo economy. I will tell him that he is a living testimony of a dangerous trend that emerged in the country. This was a time when our country was experiencing a growing pattern of chronic artificial inflation in the months leading to the 2012 general election.

Even though my knowledge in matters economics may be fuzzy, trust me to demonstrate to him, a link between inflation and general elections in Kenya. I know for sure that in the preceding electioneering years, inflation was always a dominant variable. It came in different styles and sizes and severely affected public and private economic planning.

I will remember to tell him that a coterie had engendered a pervasive and sustained rise in the aggregate level of prices of essential products and services. The cost of living spiraled to over two hundred percent while salaries remained at an all time low. I had to walk up to twenty kilometers each day to and from my work station because the commuter fee had more than doubled. Never mind that like millions of other helpless Kenyans I considered breakfast and lunch mere luxuries.

I will tell him that the mysterious fat cats (coterie) had a hidden paw and the movement of a snake. They were criminals who used their intellect to defy the law. They surrounded themselves with the Harvard legalese. They even baffled criminal investigators and caused them constant despair; for when they reached the scene of the crime, the fat cats were simply not there. Not even their footsteps could be traced. Theirs was suavity and deceitfulness par excellence. Simply put, these were the true Napoleons of corruption, the crème de la crème.

So powerful were they that they even engendered panic and fear among those tasked with regulating the energy sector. All that the subservient regulators could do was wag their tails and quote non-existent increases in the price of crude oil at the global market and piracy as reasons for the skyrocketing oil prices in the country. None of them could explain why oil prices in other non-oil producing countries were much lower than in Kenya.

Like the proverbial cat and mice, the legislature animatedly talked of the need to bell these wily fat cats but none of them (legislators) was willing or courageous enough to take up that noble task. None of them stood his ground to save Kenya from the litany of grand scams in the oil industry.

The executive too seemed incapable of directing its attention to the seriousness of these criminal depredations and at worst they seemed to be prisoners of the small coterie who ruled in their name. Buoyed by a contingent of hungry policemen at their disposal, this coterie cared less of the possibility of a social implosion. After all, they could deploy the police force to arrest the dying men and women whose groans disturbed their comfort zones.

All the while, the coterie executed the most base and abominable economic crimes over millions of their fellow citizens. The economy at large toiled for rapine. The civil servant, teacher, policeman, doctor and all other laborers did sweat, not for their own benefit, but for the luxury and rapacity of the fat cats of depredation. Ours was a country where forty millions Kenyans, gifted by Providence with the ordinary endowments of humanity, groaned under the weight of an artificial inflation.

I will tell “Inflation Wanjala” that his name ought to be a constant reminder to him and to his generation of the folly of letting a coterie whose good fortune springs from the calamities of its citizenry and whose aggrandizement grows out of the miseries of their fellow humankind to take charge of their collective destiny.

MY EASTER SUPPLICATION: GOD, DELIVER US FROM THESE NAPOLEONS OF ECONOMIC CRIMES.

As far as I can remember, “inflation” has always visited Kenyans in the months leading to any general election. Unlike in other economies, ours is always an artificial one. It is perhaps the artificiality of this inflation that is making the government to cleverly substitute the term “inflation” with “high costs of living.” Buoyed by the confusion between financial straits and high costs of living and the resultant conceptual chaos, the government can only be economical with truth.

The Government will never admit that there is an inflation induced by a coterie. This is because feeding an ignorant public that is reeling from the effects of an artificial inflation with truth is akin to rabble rousing. Instead, a “sensible government” such as ours, will adopt half-hearted measures of addressing the plight of its citizenry while all the while it will be busy doing its best to cover up the muck left in the wake of a coterie that is manipulating the oil industry for purposes of financing the 2012 political campaigns.

Besides, given that this is a grand scale pillaging, it only seems plausible to opine that some ambitious elements in the echelons of government are part and parcel of this coterie. Seen from this perspective, it becomes easier for one to begin to fathom why this coterie seems to have hidden paws. As far as they are concerned no one will demonstrate a link between them and the huge drug hauls, oil scandals or even the containers full of bloody gold from the Democratic Republic of Congo to name but a few.

If the above is indeed the case, then we can begin to understand why this coterie remains an enigma. We will begin to understand why this coterie continues to baffle criminal investigators causing them constant despair. We will also begin to understand why when the criminal investigators reach the scenes of crime, not even the footsteps of this coterie can be traced.

Simply put, these are the latter days Napoleons of corruption, the crème de la crème. And true to the meaning of the phrase “Napoleons of corruption”, they have caused seismic panic among those tasked with regulating the energy sector. All that the subservient energy regulators can do is to wag their tails in the presence of this coterie.

The statements issued by the regulators in justifying the high oil prices are as clear as mud. It is not surprising to hear them quote increases in the price of crude oil at the global market as well as piracy as reasons behind the skyrocketing oil prices in the country. Interestingly, none of them can explain why oil prices in other non-oil producing countries are much lower than in Kenya. At best theirs can only pass as a maundering prose or a mystic mumbo jumbo.

The energy regulators are not alone. We have heard the legislature animatedly talk about stopping this coterie. But like the proverbial cat and mice none of them is willing or courageous enough to bell these fat cats. Indeed, none of them has so far stood his ground to save Kenya from the litany of grand scams.

The executive too seems incapable of directing its attention to the seriousness of these criminal depredations and at worst it (executive) seems to be a prisoner of this coterie that is ruling in their name. Buoyed by the presence of a hungry and malnourished police force, this coterie cares less of the possibility of a social implosion. After all, they can deploy the police force to arrest the dying men and women should their groans as much as disturb their comfort zones.

So, perhaps we should just resign ourselves to the fact that this coterie will continue unabated executing the most base and abominable economic crimes over millions of Kenyans. May be the pain will be mollified if we just learnt to accept the fact that the economy at large will continue to toil for rapine. The civil servant, teacher, policeman, doctor and all other laborers will continue to sweat, not for their own benefit, but for the luxury and rapacity of these fat cats of depredation.

Yes, we groan under the weight of this coterie but still, out of our own volition, we bent our backs for them to ride on. Ours is a typical voodoo economy where forty millions Kenyans, gifted by Providence with the ordinary endowments of humanity, voluntarily bent their backs to be mounted.

Yes, ours is a country where the good fortune of a coterie springs from the calamities of the citizenry. It is a country where a coterie`s aggrandizement grows out of the miseries of their fellow humankind. And because we are a notoriously religious nation the best we can do is to ceaselessly pray so that God can save us from ourselves.

Saturday, April 9, 2011

KALONZO SPEAKS PROPHETICALLY OF THE AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CRIMINAL COURT (AICC)

As largely expected, Vice President Kalonzo Musyoka`s shuttle diplomacy has hit a brick wall. He has no one to blame but himself. His diplo-babble reeked of hubris and blackmail. At one time, Kalonzo haughtily told the International Community that the African states will pull out of the ICC en-masse and form their own court in the event that Kenya`s bid for a deferral is rejected. He even had a name for the new court-The African International Criminal Court (AICC). Admittedly, this was a huge diplomatic gaffe. It is this blackmail that angered the International Community. Subsequently, Kenya`s request for a deferral was presumed dead on arrival. But that is water under the bridge.

What is of concern now is whether Kenya is going to make good its threat. In the unlikely event that it does, how radically different will the AICC be from ICC? Will it lead to the expansion of the democratic space in Africa or will it whittle down the gains so far made? Will it draw its membership from all African states or will it be a preserve of only a few rogue African states?

In my estimation, AICC will be a tool that will pamper the egos of the few remaining African dictators. This means that AICC, unlike ICC, will not ignore Africa`s raison d'être nor undermine Africa`s dignity or sovereignty.

Secondly, it (AICC) must go slow in situations where the incumbents blatantly refuse to hand over power to the real winners of the presidential elections. This will give humble time to the incumbents to look for homegrown solutions (read power sharing). Besides, AICC will ensure that neither the incumbents nor their protégés are subjected to warrants of arrest since that would be undermining African sovereignty, solidarity and African peace and security.”

Thirdly, and most importantly, cases will be presided over by judges who will be appointees of the likes of President Robert Mugabe, Meles Zenawi, Gbagbo Gadhafi among others. Unlike the ICC judges (whose names are more difficult to pronounce than the most common tongue twisters and whose culture is far removed from that of Africans), the AICC judges will no doubt have an unrivalled wealth of knowledge and experience in Africa`s political philosophy. African Heads of States will thus hastily tell the Alassane Ouattara and Morgan Tsvangirai`s of Africa to seek for justice at the AICC knowing very well that the latter will increasingly work at shielding them and their protégés from accusations of election malpractices, prosecution for crimes against humanity or even genocide.

Fourthly, African heads of states will denounce any foreign intervention on the pretext that they are sovereign states. They will not hesitate to flaunt their sovereignty in defiance of the Rome Statute.

Fifthly, with AICC in place, African Heads of State will have no problem working at cross-purposes with the objectives of democracy. In their estimation, democracy must be tempered with a bit of autocracy since; Africans are like babies whose milk teeth cannot chew hard stuff like democracy.

From the foregoing, AICC (euphemistically referred to us African Independent Club of Conmen) will definitely lead to increased human rights violations in the continent since justice will be the very least of its concerns. Simply put, AICC will be the washing powder for the merchants of doom. I have a hunch that Kalonzo himself does not believe in this creature. It is for this reason that I implore him to stop this dangerous cult of opportunism, double-talk and chicanery.

Friday, April 8, 2011

YES, ICC MUST STOP SUSPECTS FROM CHURNING HATE SPEECH AND PROPAGANDA.

Twice in a span of one week I have witnessed scary incidents in which what started as a harmless discourse among passengers in Public Service Vehicles (PSVs) degenerated into physical confrontations between members of certain ethnic communities ostensibly because unacceptable flak was directed at their perceived paramount political leaders. With the commencement of the Hague trials coupled with the fact that 2012 is drawing closer, and with politicians already going hammer and tongs against each other, one can only conclude that such incidents are symbolic microcosm of what is to happen to Kenya`s fractious society in the months to come.

In spite of the grotesque proportions of the emerging scenario, tribal chieftains continue enjoying a more extravagant personality cult among their communities. The question many are asking is why the public is easy prey to the vile schemes of these wily politicians. We need not look far. It has everything to do with propagation of vile propaganda.

Harold Lasswell (1927), a pioneer of propaganda studies in the United States, defined propaganda as "the management of collective attitudes by the manipulation of significant symbols." Since then, it appears as though this term has spawned as many definitions as it has euphemisms.

In Kenya for instance, propaganda has become part and parcel of the country`s body politic. It has come to mean the manipulation of ethnic psychological symbols to achieve ones selfish political objectives. Tribal chieftains and their sycophantic political elites have resorted to churning propaganda upon propaganda aimed at activating or agitating latent ethnic predispositions among their ethnic constituents to discredit the ICC involvement in Kenya`s 2007 PEV cases as well as direct their misplaced anger at perceived political nemeses.

It is worth noting that propaganda is more effective where the audience is less educated. According to Carl Hovland “people of lower academic ability tend to change their opinions on issues of lesser complexity, less supported by facts, and on issues that more intelligent men find difficult to accept.

This view bodes well with the Kenyan populace given that majority of them are either semi literate or completely illiterate. Accordingly, these significant population cannot rationalize and is therefore unable to take political decisions based on carefully reviewed information and ‘enlightened self-interest’ processed from available facts. Instead, consumption of mediated political messages laced with ethnic undertones takes precedence over facts. For instance, at the moment, a section of politicians are doing anything and everything to make sure that the electorate forgets the fact that they (politicians) were the architects of the Hague process.

Then they preferred The Hague process over the formation of a credible local judicial mechanism ostensibly because The Hague would take eternity before presenting them at the International Criminal court (ICC) to answer to charges of crimes against humanity. Now that the storm of justice has begun swirling around their political kingpins they are now desperately trying to peddle cheap propaganda to save themselves from the ignominy of having shot themselves in the leg.

They are now opining that by submitting “ourselves” to the ICC we have allowed foreigners to trample upon our sovereignty. What hogwash. The last time I checked the meaning of the term “sovereignty” it never meant turning the victims’ quest for justice into a revolving array of musical chairs dependent on the political whims of a few rowdy politicians.

Those who have consistently resisted attempts at defeating justice have also borne the brunt of propaganda. They have been labeled the devil incarnate. Some have christened them agents of the neo-colonialists. The sole intention of these totalitarian propagandists is to create a political battle-axe to completely obliterate the credibility of those political leaders whose principles cannot allow them to support their evil ways. Like Adolf Hitler they have discovered that "The most brilliant propagandist technique will yield no success unless a lie is repeated over and over. This explains why some suspects continually allege that the PM is using his foreign contacts in manipulating the ICC into eliminating them from the 2012 presidential race. Obviously, this claim is wacky as it is baseless.

Still, others buoyed by the flicking cameras and the global audiences have even callously referred to the realities of the 2007 PEV as a mere “horror movie!”
Some of their sycophantic followers have also issued blood cuddling messages to the effect that should some among the Ocampo six be incarcerated then “some people will know who the real owners of Kenya are.” That such incendiary remarks are aimed at engendering fear and animosity, appealing to people`s ethnic identities and fomenting disturbances is not in doubt. That the utterances contravene article 33 (2) of the Kenya constitution is also not in doubt. What is in doubt is whether those churning such utterances will be placed under the bar of justice, given the drooling inability of our institutions in containing the runaway verbal hemorrhage.

Much as many conscientious Kenyans certainly commend the ICC for stating that it will not hesitate to replace the summonses to appear before the ICC with warrants of arrest should some of the Ocampo six continue issuing inflammatory statements in the public domain, this in itself will not end the propagation of vile propaganda and hate speech in the country. Sycophantic political elites will step up the game. It is therefore incumbent upon the Government to complement the ICCs effort by reigning in on hate mongers.

Saturday, April 2, 2011

LET US NOT FORGET TO FAST AND PRAY FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE 2007 PEV.

Some of our religious leaders have called upon all Kenyans to say a prayer for our gallant sons who are heading to The Hague. I am sure that this call will resonate well with many Kenyans considering that we are a notoriously religious nation. In fact, I propose that we hold two national fasting days that should coincide with the hearings at The Hague. Prayers can move mountains, right? Not even the dreaded Ocampo can stand in the way of the power of prayers. Who knows, the guy may be struck dumb during the court proceedings. Have we not already witnessed a bizarre incident in which one lawyer was struck dumb during the hearing of an election petition in a high court in Kisii?

After we are done with fasting and praying for the Ocampo six, I hope that the clergy will also find time from their busy schedules to call upon Kenyans to set aside a just a day for fasting and praying for the IDPs and other victims of the 2007 PEV. May be the hearts of those in government will soften enough to allow them to expeditiously tackle the litany of debilitating and dehumanizing problems that these victims are faced with.

I also wish that the clergy will not tire to call upon Kenyans to say special prayers for politicians who are incessantly spewing, in the most tendentious way, an avalanche of propaganda and inanities in their political rallies. I hope that the clergy will lead us in saying a special prayer particularly for one elderly politician so that she does not lead others with similar orientations into laying bare their nakedness in solidarity with one of their own. I firmly believe that through prayers this politician may realize that it is the eyes of the forty million Kenyans (including that of her children, grandchildren and great grand children) that will be feasting on her nakedness and that in effect it is these hapless Kenyans who will be the direct recipients of this ancient curse.

I am looking forward to our clergy to rally the public to pray for those political elites who are inundating the public with blood cuddling ethnic undertones. I hope that these special prayers will particularly touch one political activist so that she never again mumbles something to the effect that “the real owners of this country will be known should the ICC incarcerate one among their fold.”

I also hope that the clergy will remind us to pray for some among our midst (who own land that is estimated to be the size of Nyanza province), to be moved by the plight of thousands of landless Kenyans. I hope that special prayers will soften their hearts so much so that they can see the wisdom of donating some pieces of idle land for the landless.

I pray that the clergy will rally the public to pray for our politicians to respect the spirit and law of the constitution. With special prayers we will have a country that does not have a law for the cunning and another for the simple, one law for the forceful and another for the feeble, one law for the ignorant and another for the learned, one law for the brave and another for the timid. And now, I am even made to understand that we have in place a law meant for the sons and daughters of former presidents and a law for the sons and daughters of commoners! In other words, sons of former presidents must be guaranteed immunity from prosecution lest the country goes up in flames!

I have heard that some politicians are even contemplating reenacting the Mahatma Gandhi non violent revolution. They plan to rally the masses to prostrate on the runway so that the plane carrying one of their own does not take off to Hague. How I wish that the clergy could convince them to instead prostrate for a worthy cause. They can then fast and prostrate so that God can grant our political leaders enough wisdom to understand the language of the millions of starving Kenyans. If all Kenyans were to prostrate for just an hour wherever they are, I am sure that our politicians will stop political bickering and refocus their attention on tackling the runway inflation.

Finally, I hope that the clergy will find it prudent to call the nation to pray for President Kibaki so that he takes leave of his trademark silence. Let us pray that he does not surrender the fate of this country in the hands of those who are more than willing to force us into rivaling countries with longstanding pariah status.

Monday, March 21, 2011

HON. EUGENE WAMALWA CAN ONLY BE A CHEER LEADER IN NEW FORD KENYA.

After last Saturday`s rally at Posta grounds in Bungoma, Eugene Wamalwa finally made good his threat of ditching Ford Kenya. Propped by honorable Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto, he just fell short of revealing his new political party. Grapevine has it that he intends to sojourn in New Ford Kenya where a hero’s welcome awaits him. I must admit that this sounds too good an offer. Yet, we are warned that when the offer is too good, one must think twice lest his celebrations are quickly drowned out by the Devil that is in the details.

To begin with, Eugene has to convince the populace of Kakamega County that he was not part of the political elites that hounded the likes of Soita Shitanda and Bonny Khalwale out of Ford Kenya in the months leading to the 2007 general election. I have a hunch that the latter have never gotten over the 2007 sour grapes and they may just be looking for an opportunity to revenge. Remember that revenge is a dish best served cold. Outwardly, they may put on charming smiles while they are really hurting inside. Even if perchance the officials of the New Ford Kenya bear no grudge against Eugene, I am not sure that they will be so desperate as to agree to give him more prominence over themselves.

There is also a growing perception among the electorate that Eugene is a quitter. This term carries with it a negative connotation in that quitters are known to be driven by their short term political interests as opposed to the general good of the electorate. Unlike his elder brother, the late Vice President Wamalwa Kijana, Eugene`s behavior is a testament of a man who is impatient with himself. When he failed to secure the Ford Kenya ticket as the parliamentary candidate during a by-election in Saboti constituency that was occasioned by the demise of his brother, he quit Ford Kenya for Republican Party of Kenya (RPK) where he unsuccessfully launched his maiden contest. In 2007, he quietly returned to Ford Kenya. He succeeded in taking the Saboti Parliamentary seat on a PNU coalition ticket.

Four years later, realizing that he cannot competitively secure Ford Kenya`s nomination as a presidential candidate, he has again decided to jump ship. However, because of his penchant for quitting parties especially in the face of competition, the electorate`s trust in Eugene is diminishing by the day. Eugene Wamalwa will thus have an uphill task convincing the Bukusu populace to cross over from Ford Kenya to New Ford Kenya.

Consequently, it does not make sense for Eugene to join New Ford Kenya when his presence in that party will not add any value. Clearly, there is very little he can do to enhance New Ford Kenya`s popularity. At most, Eugene will only be regarded as New Ford Kenya`s cheer leader. The only guarantee he will have of not being trampled upon is if he does not allow his ambition to be in direct conflict with the political ambitions of the “owners” of New Ford Kenya.

Eugene may find solace in Chinua Achebe`s “A Man of The People” by saying that he is not a fool to spit out the juicy morsel that good fortune has put in his mouth. But to the electorate, he is simply a man who does not mind riding on the misfortunes of some of the Ocampo six. Besides, there is a perception in the public domain that some of Ocampo six are barons of impunity therefore any politician who intends to be a presidential aspirant associating with them runs the risk of being seen as part and parcel of the evil axis that the electorate wants to get rid of. As the saying goes, “if one walks like a duck and quacks like a duck then, he must surely be duck.”

But of more concern now to Eugene is the theory gaining currency that he is not his own man. Pundits opine that by being publicly propped by people with questionable characters to the presidency, Eugene seems to be reclining to the fact that even as a president he will be a true regent or a prisoner to forces of impunity. No idea is as repulsive as this for an electorate that is yearning for positive change.

Thursday, March 17, 2011

LET NOT IMPUNITY SMOTHER THE NEW CONSTITUTION.

Today, I speak of those great patriots present and those departed, who little impressed by the audacity of the barbarians gallantly fought for the second liberation of this country regardless of their stations in life. Many among them were maimed in the struggle for the expansion of the democratic space. When death reaped one defender after the next, there was none among them who through cowardice refused to fill the gap. I salute them all.

For all those patriots departed, I know that you must be tossing and turning in your graves in impatient anger like a blood-pudding seething over a fire. You must be cursing at the site of political madness in the form of violent debauchery. I know that it pains you to see some callous individuals want to reduce Kenya to a collection of tribes and not a united Nation as you had earlier envisaged. You must be holding us in contempt as you witness the bile and treachery by some in our midst who are busy enticing our brothers and sisters to dance themselves lame to the drums of phantom wars.

You must be appalled that these individuals want to cling on the president`s coat in the hope that he will not oblige them to step aside from their lofty political portfolios. These individuals still imagine that on the balance of scale, the word of the president is still greater than the very constitution that he swore to protect. We have seen them talking tough and throwing tantrums at their imaginary political foes. Their words are like sugar coated poisonous pills. When such words are wholesomely and unquestioningly swallowed, they have the effect of creating bovine obedience in us so that we do not demand of their resignation in light of the grievous charges preferred against them.

You must be seething with anger that we conscripted individuals who were part and parcel of the undemocratic, illiberal and repressive political regimes to usher in the new political dispensation. I now must admit that this was but a mere historical accident. In our excitement we threw caution in the wind and completely forgot that like obligate anaerobes these individuals would never appreciate the fresh political air blowing across the country.

We completely forgot that as scions of the old political order they can only thrive in mischief. Indeed, they have employed all the dirty tricks in their odious book to cover each other`s muck. For that is what they know best-staying deep down under the rabbit`s fur. They have deliberately refrained from any kind of direct ideological challenge to the status quo. They prefer politics of appeasement and aggrandizement to the principles of democracy as enshrined in our constitution.

Take for instance those who have been quick at flaunting the term “sovereignty” as a smokescreen to avoiding justice. They have displayed vigor in seeking for a deferral and possibly a referral at a later date but they have largely been unwilling in demanding that the same suspects resign from their public offices in line with the requirement of our new constitution. The huge pot holes in their reasoning cannot be gainsaid. It is amazing at how they can conveniently forget that under the new constitution, a precedent has already been set. We have seen honorable Moses Wetang`ula, Henry Kosgei and William Ruto resign from their portfolios under circumstances less grievous. Any exception to this constitutional requirement is not only a case of double standards but an act of impunity as well.

I can see you shedding tears of despondency because our motherland is being treated to the verbal wallop of some sycophantic leaders. That the verbal hemorrhage of our leaders is too stupendous is an indication of the extent they are willing to go in propping up impunity. Indeed, some leaders have been heard saying that should one of the suspects be ineligible to contest the presidency come 2012 owing to The Hague trials then the presidential election must be postponed. This is balderdash.

To them, it matters less if the said suspect is found guilty as charged. They want to make us believe that the country will not move forward for the period such a person would be incarceration. Does it mean that such a person is more important than the sum total of all Kenyans? My fellow patriotic Kenyans, I take it that you are sincere, honest and brave enough to render a verdict according to your convictions, beyond the shadow of a reasonable doubt.

To our departed patriots, let me assuage your feelings. We owe you the duty of safeguarding the well being of this great Nation. I assure you that the seeds of patriotism that you sow in us have germinated and we shall faithfully water them to fruition. Like Emma Goldman, we dare say that “We are but the atoms in the incessant human struggle towards the light that shines in the darkness—the Ideal of economic, political and spiritual liberation of mankind!” We shall surely have a victory for truth and justice over those standing in the way of our new constitutional order.